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St. Augustine Catholic Church of New Orleans is in the Archdiocese of New Orleans. The parish was founded in 1841 under the episcopacy of Bishop Antoine Blanc, who later served as New Orleans' first Archbishop. Established by free people of color, who also bought pews for slaves, this is the oldest African-American Catholic parish in the nation. It was one of the first 26 sites designated on the state's Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. The property on which St. Augustine stands was once part of the Claude Tremé plantation. It is now one of two Catholic parishes in the Faubourg Tremé. The church is located on Saint Claude Avenue at Governor Nicholls Street, a few blocks from North Rampart Street and the French Quarter. It was designed by the French architect J. N. B. de Pouilly, who worked on the expansion and renovation of the more famous St. Louis Cathedral on Jackson Square. ==History== When free people of color organized in the 1830s and received permission from Bishop Antoine Blanc to build a church, the Ursuline Sisters donated the property, on the condition that the church be named St. Augustine, after one of their patron saints, Augustine of Hippo. The church was dedicated on October 9, 1842. At a time when there were pew fees, free people of color paid for extra pews so that enslaved blacks could also attend.〔(St. Augustine Catholic Church of New Orleans ), Official Website, accessed 8 Jul 2008〕 "A few months before the October 9, 1842 dedication of St. Augustine Church, the people of color began to purchase pews for their families to sit. Upon hearing of this, white people in the area started a campaign to buy more pews than the colored folks. Thus, The War of the Pews began and was ultimately won by the free people of color who bought three pews to every one purchased by the whites. In an unprecedented social, political and religious move, the colored members also bought all the pews of both side aisles. They gave those pews to the slaves as their exclusive place of worship, a first in the history of slavery in the United States. This mix of the pews resulted in the most integrated congregation in the entire country: one large row of free people of color, one large row of whites with a smattering of ethnics, and two outer aisles of slaves."〔 The Tremé has traditionally been an African-American neighborhood, although it has included a multicultural community. Along with the neighboring parish of St. Peter Claver, the parish is known in New Orleans for its association with the black Catholic community. The church hosts the annual Jazz Mass, held in conjunction with the Satchmo Festival, which honors Louis Armstrong's birthday. Famous parishioners have included civil rights activists, musicians and other leaders:〔 * Homer Plessy (1862–1925), civil rights activist (''Plessy v. Ferguson'' Supreme Court case) * Sidney Bechet (1897–1959), jazz clarinetist, soprano saxophonist and composer * A. P. Tureaud (1899–1972), civil rights attorney in New Orleans * Allison 'Tootie' Montana (1922–2005), Mardi Gras Indian "Chief of Chiefs" Because of substantial property losses in the city after Hurricane Katrina and a decline in population, the diocese decided to close St. Augustine Church, despite the fact that it had been providing extensive community support. Parishioners asked hurricane relief volunteers for help in a protest. They barricaded themselves in the church's rectory to demonstrate against closure. After two weeks, parishioners and church officials agreed on a compromise.〔("Historic African-American Church Reopened after Weeks of Protest & Rectory Sit-In" ), ''Democracy Now'', 10 Apr 2006, accessed 9 Jul 2008〕 The church was allowed to remain open after presenting a plan of action to address critical areas, including congregational growth, fund raising, and management improvements. The archdiocese would review its status after 18 months. A documentary film about the protest entitled ''Shake the Devil Off'' increased publicity for the church's efforts to survive.〔(''Shake the Devil Off'' ), Official Website〕 In May 2008 St. Augustine Church received a $75,000 grant from the National Trust for Historic Preservation and American Express to aid in needed renovations to the historic parish hall, a center of community services. Enhanced use of the parish hall for community services was integral to the church's plans for the future.〔( Chaz Muth, "Grants ensure future for two New Orleans Catholic landmarks" ), ''Catholic News Service'', 21 May 2008〕〔(New Orleans Initiative, St. Augustine Parish Hall ), Partners in Preservation, accessed 16 Apr 2009〕 In March 2009, St. Augustine Church announced that due to its progress, the archdiocese had decided it would not be closed and had taken the church off probation.〔(Matthew Hinton, "St. Augustine Church Counts Its Blessings" ), ''The Times-Picayune'', 1 Mar 2009, accessed 16 Apr 2009〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「St. Augustine Church (New Orleans)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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